Molecular diagnostics pdf11/11/2023 ![]() The successful migration of molecular diagnostics from universal laboratories to the clinical setting. Molecular tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and other nucleic acid-based amplification technologies (NAATs), have gradually replaced or augmented traditional laboratory techniques for pathogen identification in the form of POC testing, because these tests can detect fastidious or uncultivable microorganisms that indicate possible poly-microbial infection. Since experience-based empiric treatment is a possible driver of over-broad and unnecessary antibiotic usage, rapid POC diagnostic testing has become a promising solution to this problem. In fact, the treatment of infectious diseases are rarely considered to be model applications of personalized medicine however, this perception is gradually changing due to a substantial increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics due to unnecessary usage. In the paradigm of personalized medicine, the sample in and answer out approach of point-of-care (POC) diagnostics has the potential to empower physicians with the ability to make early evidence-based treatment decisions so that the right medication can be administered to the patient earlier, which can improve the prognosis. Symptoms including fever, cough, vomiting, abdominal pain, myalgia, and headache are often not sufficiently specific to differentiate the exact etiology for an infectious disease. In general, patients with infectious illness present common symptoms. We also discuss promising and imperative clinical POC approaches, as well as the possible hurdles of their practical applications as front-line diagnostic tests.Ī personalized medicine and treatment regimen, which establishes clinical plans on a patient-by-patient basis in the treatment of infectious diseases, is a trending topic in the field of clinical microbiology and virology. This review focuses on state-of-the-art multiplexed molecular point-of-care tests (POCT) for infectious diseases and efforts to overcome their limitations, especially related to inadequate throughput for the identification of syndromic diseases. In addition, these tests can be simple enough to operate at the primary care level and in remote settings where there is no laboratory infrastructure. Multiplex POC tests provide higher accuracy to for actionable decisionmaking in critical care, which leads to pathogen-specific treatment and standardized usages of antibiotics that help prevent unnecessary processes. More recently, it has transitioned into a comprehensive syndromic approach that employs multiplex capabilities, including the simultaneous detection of two or more pathogens. Point-of-care (POC) molecular diagnostics for clinical microbiology and virology has primarily focused on the detection of a single pathogen.
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